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Wind shear, or the vertical gradient of wind speed and direction, causes asymmetrical sailing performance between tacks that is often mistaken for instrument miscalibration or poor sail trim.0:57 In stable atmospheric conditions with light-to-medium winds and flat seas, wind speed increases linearly with height from the surface to the masthead.3:53 Because the wind sensor sits at the top of the mast, it measures a higher velocity and a different direction than the air acting on the lower sections of the sails.6:48 In the Northern Hemisphere, this friction-induced gradient causes the wind to back (shift left) as it nears the surface.9:17 This shift creates a discrepancy in True Wind Angle readings between tacks, where one tack may appear significantly more efficient than the other on instrument displays despite identical boat performance.12:08 To maintain sail efficiency in these conditions, sailors must increase sail twist, closing the lower sections while opening the top to account for the varying apparent wind angles.7:56 Recognizing this phenomenon prevents unnecessary and ineffective adjustments to rig tension or instrument calibration during racing.15:01

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