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Sail trim requires twist—the variation in the angle of the sail chord relative to the boat's centerline—to maintain aerodynamic efficiency across the entire height of the sail.▶ 0:07 This configuration accounts for the vertical gradient of apparent wind, which changes as wind speed increases with height due to reduced surface friction near the water.▶ 3:25 At a constant boat speed of 7 knots, the apparent wind vector at the top of the mast is stronger and more open than at the boom.▶ 3:25 Consequently, the upper sections of the mainsail must be set at a wider angle than the lower sections to align with the varying apparent wind direction.▶ 4:12 The required amount of twist fluctuates based on atmospheric conditions; stable, laminar airflow necessitates more twist, while stronger winds or turbulent conditions reduce the required angle differential.▶ 5:17 Proper sail trim balances these forces to ensure consistent lift and flow along the full span of the sail.

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