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Marine researcher Guilherme Longo describes a scientific diving expedition to the Arquipélago São Pedro e São Paulo, a cluster of rocks roughly 990 kilometers off Natal, Brazil, accessible only through a Brazilian Navy-supported research program.13:10 The archipelago rises from ocean depths of around 1,000 meters to a shallow reef platform; divers reach 25 meters before the seafloor drops away in a sheer wall.24:27 Visibility at depth is described as virtually unlimited.24:32 The research program requires a minimum rescue-diver certification — built from open-water, advanced, first-aid, oxygen-provider, and rescue courses — before anyone enters the water there.26:17 To survey below the 25-meter sport-diving limit, the team deployed a small ROV tethered by fiber-optic cable and controlled via a smartphone, reaching 96 meters and confirming the near-vertical wall structure.30:09 Blacktip and grey reef sharks were present but showed no aggressive behavior.20:04 The stay lasted roughly 30 hours on-site; standard research rotations run 15 days.36:26 Longo also notes that a soft coral collected at the archipelago yielded compounds with demonstrated anti-tumor properties in lab testing.39:29 The site's remoteness preserves endemic species found nowhere else, and Brazil's civilian occupation of the islands — through researchers rather than military personnel — underpins its territorial and economic-zone claims.38:45

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