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Guanabara Bay remains one of the world’s most biodiverse tropical estuaries, despite significant environmental degradation and pollution.Watch Research conducted by the Laboratório de Biologia e Tecnologia Pesqueira (Biotec Pesca) confirms that the bay serves as a critical nursery for the critically endangered butterfly ray (*Gymnura altavela*), the only known breeding ground for the species in Brazil.1:09 While historical accounts describe the bay as teeming with whales and massive fish shoals, current data indicates that habitat loss has restricted many species to regions with greater oceanic water exchange.22:00 The bay supports approximately 2,000 to 3,000 professional fishers and yields roughly 500 tons of fish monthly.2:02 Recent studies also highlight the presence of persistent pollutants in top-predator species, including the detection of cocaine in sharks near Barra da Tijuca.34:07 The research emphasizes that while the bay is degraded, its ecological resilience and biological importance remain high, necessitating continued conservation efforts to protect its diverse elasmobranch populations.23:36

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