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The terms "port" and "starboard" trace to Old Norse nautical vocabulary used by Viking-era sailors.0:23 "Starboard" derives from the Norse *styribordi* — *stiri* meaning rudder or oar, *bordi* meaning side — because early vessels were steered by a steering oar mounted on the right side of the hull.1:05 "Port" has a separate origin: because the steering oar occupied the right side, helmsmen turned their backs to the left side, making it the "back side" (*backboard* in the intermediate form), which in Spanish became *babor*.1:07 English, however, adopted "port" for the left side because ships could only dock on that side — the steering oar on the right prevented it — so the left became the side presented to the harbor (*puerto*).2:04 The Spanish *estribor* and English "starboard" both descend from the same Norse root, while "port" and *babor* diverged: one named for the harbor, the other for the helmsman's back.

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